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1921 Persian coup d'état ((ペルシア語:کودتای ۳ اسفند ۱۲۹۹)) refers to several major events in Iran (Persia) in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925. The events began with a coup led by Rezā Khan of the Persian Cossack Brigade, and directed by the British,〔 on 21 February 1921.〔 With this coup Rezā Khan established himself as the most powerful person in Iran. The coup was largely bloodless and faced little resistance. With his expanded forces and the Cossack Brigade, Rezā Khan launched successful military actions to eliminate separatist and dissident movements in Tabriz, Mashhad and the Janglis in Gilan. The campaign on Simko and the Kurds turned less successful and spanned well into 1922, though eventually concluding with Persian success. ==Background== In late 1920, the Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Rasht was preparing to march on Tehran with "a guerrilla force of 1,500 Jangalis, Kurds, Armenians and Azerbaijanis", reinforced by the Bolsheviks' Red Army. This fact, along with various other disorders, mutinies and unrest in the country created "an acute political crisis in the capital." By 1921, the ruling Qajar dynasty of Iran (at that time also known as Persia) had become corrupt and inefficient.〔(The Iranian History 1921 AD )〕 The oil-rich nation was somewhat reliant on the nations of Britain and Russia for military and economic support. Civil wars earlier in the decade had threatened the government, and the only regular military force at the time was the Cossack Brigade.〔(History of Iran: Pahlavi Dynasty )〕 The Qajar shah in 1921 was Ahmad, who had been crowned at the age of eleven. He was considered to be a weak, incompetent ruler,〔(History of Iran: Qajar Dynasty )〕 especially after British, Russian and Ottoman occupations of Iran during World War I. In 1911, when the capital city, Tehran, had been seized by the Russians, armed Bakhtiaris tribemen, rather than Iranian regular troops, expelled the invaders.〔 This further diminished the government's reputation, rendering it almost powerless in time of war. Britain, which played a major role in Iran, was dismayed by the Qajar government's inability to rule efficiently.〔 This inefficiency was the background of a power struggle between Britain and Russia, each nation hoping to control Iran. On 14 January 1921, the British General Ironside chose to promote Reza Khan, who had been leading the Tabriz battalion, to lead the entire brigade. About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000-4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1921 Persian coup d'état」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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